Glossary

Annotation

Addition to a dataset complying with SPARC standards; includes analysis information, knowledge, or commentary

Dataset

Repository of data and metadata that can be selectively shared with Portal users

Dataset Owner

Dataset Owners can invite people and teams to their dataset, edit and delete models, records and files. Additionally, only owners can request to publish a dataset to the SPARC Portal

DAT-Core

SPARC DRC Core that stores, organizes, manages and tracks access to SPARC-generated data and resources

De-identified Data

Is data that has been processed to remove or mask all direct and indirect identifiers, making it highly unlikely that an individual can be re-identified

DOI

Globally unique persistent identifier identifying a digital object. SPARC uses DOIs to identify datasets and protocols

DRC

SPARC's Data and Resource Center (DRC) develops databases, connectivity maps, and simulation tools for the mammalian autonomic nervous system

Embargo

Optional SPARC dataset publication hold for up to 12 months. A datasets’ metadata and release date are publicly available, but the data is only available by request until the release date

FAIR Data Principles

Guidelines aiming to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable for humans and machines

FAIRness

Compliance with guidelines aiming to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable for humans and machines

Flatmap

2D representation of anatomical structures and connectivity serving as query interfaces and visual representations of the SPARC Knowledge Graph

HIPPA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) is a U.S. federal law that establishes national standards for protecting sensitive patient health information (PHI) from unauthorized use or disclosure. For more details visit https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/index.html

In silico

Research conducted or produced by means of computer modeling or computer simulation

IRB

Under FDA regulations, an Institutional Review Board (IRB) is an appropriately constituted group that has been formally designated to review and monitor biomedical research involving human subjects. For more details visit https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/institutional-review-boards-frequently-asked-questions

K-Core

SPARC DRC Core focused on quality curation (FAIRness of SPARC datasets) and knowledge management (building SPARC Knowledge Graph)

MAP-Core

SPARC DRC Core that builds interactive, modular, continually updated visualizations of nerve-organ anatomy and function

Ontology

Concepts and categories showing relationships between properties. Annotates SPARC data, enhances search, and encodes project-derived knowledge

ORCiD

A persistent digital identifier that a researcher owns and controls, and that distinguishes them from every other researcher

Pennsieve

Cloud-based platform for data curation and management. Readies SPARC datasets for publishing and sharing before data are made public

PHI

Protected Health Information (PHI) refers to any individually identifiable health information. PHI includes names, addresses, Social Security numbers, medical record numbers, health conditions, and other identifiers

Protocols.io

Online platform for sharing, creating, and managing experimental protocols. Protocols must accompany SPARC datasets to show how data were collected

Provenance

Information on the origins and history of a dataset or other digital object

Publish

Make a dataset publicly available. A dataset is published in SPARC when it is released to the Pennsieve Discover portal with a DOI and CC-BY license

Revision

An update made to dataset metadata (e.g., title, description) not requiring an updated DOI

Scaffold

Mathematical model providing a 3D coordinate framework for defining anatomical shape and other embedded anatomical data.

Segmentation

Process of partitioning a complex image into segments to extract specific signals or structures for analysis or communication

SIM-Core

SPARC DRC Core developing an online framework to host and connect simulations to create predictive, multiscale, multiphysics models

Simulation

Computational models, data processing, and data visualization pipeline datasets that o²S²PARC can launch

SODA

Software simplifying SPARC dataset submission and organization by handling complex or repetitive tasks via an intuitive, interactive interface

SPARC

The Common Fund’s Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions program

SPARC dataset

Collection of data and metadata produced by a SPARC-supported lab, uploaded to the SPARC data platform, and available on the SPARC Portal

SPARC Knowledge Graph

The SPARC Knowledge Graph comprises the semantic markup of SPARC data, and models according to the SPARC Minimal Information Standard, and the SPARC Connectivity Knowledge base with the SPARC vocabularies. The SPARC Knowledge Graph is used to enhance search across SPARC data.

Version

DOI-specific, version-controlled iteration of a dataset. A new dataset version is released with any changes to datasets’ files or scientific metadata.

Vocabulary

Databases and infrastructure for serving and managing terminology for SPARC